摘要
为了实现一次施肥满足作物不同生育期的养分需求并提高肥料利用效率,设计了一种施肥量可调式分层施肥器,并利用离散元法对肥料颗粒的运动规律以及影响施肥配比的主要因素进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:增大分层施肥器的安装角α,可减小肥料颗粒流经施肥口的初速度,有利于肥料颗粒排出施肥口;增大施肥片工作长度L可增加与之发生碰撞的肥料颗粒数量,进而获得较多施肥量。为验证仿真分析结果并获取合理的分层施肥器工作参数,以4种肥料(大颗粒尿素、小颗粒尿素、硫酸钾复合肥、磷酸二铵复合肥)为研究对象进行台架试验,试验结果表明:4种肥料的施肥配比受安装角α、施肥片工作长度L影响的变化趋势与仿真分析结果一致,并确定4种肥料达到合适配比时分层施肥器的工作参数α为36°,L为13~16 mm。田间试验结果表明:所设计的分层施肥器能够达到目标施肥配比,且在不同作业速度下各层施肥量变异系数在10%以内,工作性能稳定。
Layered fertilization technology has broad prospect for its less time requirement,labor saving and high utilization efficiency. A layered fertilization device which consists of adjustable instrument,one fixed fertilization mouths and two adjustable fertilization mouths was designed. The adjustable instrument consists of removable working piece,groove ear and guiding groove. Based on the discrete element method( EDEM),simulation tests were conducted to investigate the trend of fertilizer distribution ratio for different lift angles α and working length of fertilization-piece L. The simulation model of fertilizer and layered fertilizing device was built. The results showed that larger lift angle led more fertilizer particle flowing into the up two fertilization mouths. And increasing the working length of fertilization-piece is helpful for obtaining more fertilizer by making more particles colliding with the tube. In order to determine the suitable working parameters of layered fertilization device, four kinds of fertilizers commonly used for maize,were selected for laboratory tests. According to relatively references,the desirable fertilizing ratio was determined as 1∶ 6∶ 3. Test results showed that these kinds of fertilizers were influenced by the lift angle of device,working length of fertilization-piece samely,which was consistent with simulation results. When the lift angle was at 30° ~ 40°,fertilizing proportion amplification of up mouth was 10% and middle mouth was 3%,which proved that the increase of lift angle was in favor of improving up layer fertilizing ratio. Simultaneously,working parameters of layered fertilization device were determined as α of 36° and L of 13 ~ 16 mm. To explore the working performance of this device,field experiments were conducted at speed of 1. 36 ~ 7. 58 km / h. Three types fertilizing devices,adjustable and non-adjustable layered device,common layered device,were used and soil cross-section area after fertilizing were obtained to compare the distribution of fertilizer. Results showed that the adjustable layered fertilization device could layer fertilize into three layers and middle layer gained the most,second was bottom layer,which met the corn requirement for fertilizer.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第S1期163-169,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117)
国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02)
农业部土壤-机器-植物系统技术重点实验室项目
关键词
玉米
分层施肥器
离散元
参数优化
corn
layered fertilization device
element distinct method
parameters optimizing