有机栽培水肥一体化系统设计与试验

Design and Test of Integrated Water and Fertilizer System in Organic Cultivation

设计了一种有机栽培水肥一体化系统,该系统集有机液肥制备、肥料配比和自动灌溉于一体,在各子程序控制下分别进行有机物料的有氧发酵、原液过滤、配比与稀释、决策灌溉与执行,实现了有机栽培的营养液制备与管理一体化,水肥管理的高效化和精细化。为验证有机水肥一体化系统的可靠性与适用性,以椰糠为有机基质,在日光温室内开展了有机无土黄瓜栽培试验。结果表明,有机栽培水肥一体化系统运行稳定,较好地实现了有机液肥制备、黄瓜生产液肥配置及灌溉的机械化、自动化,大幅降低了劳动成本,提高了生产效率;发酵系统中循环系统和搅拌系统的周期性自动运行创造了良好的发酵条件,制备的3种有机液肥经过逐级过滤后达到了120目滴灌要求,适用于微灌灌溉;所含必需营养元素浓度较高,稀释几倍到数十倍后仍能满足黄瓜的养分需求;配肥系统中水泵和吸肥电磁阀在程序控制下执行开闭命令,参照设定的混液桶液位和灌溉液肥电导率上下限值完成每次灌溉液肥配制;灌溉系统完全执行了灌溉决策命令,即整点打开田间电磁阀进行灌溉,当流量计反馈的本次灌溉量达到设定值时,关闭对应电磁阀,结束本次灌溉;系统的稳定运行为有机黄瓜生产提供了所需水分和养分,确保了黄瓜的产量和品质,产量达48 165 kg/hm2,其品质指标可溶性总糖为2.7%,还原型维生素C为99.2 mg/kg,可滴定酸度为0.08%。

A water and fertilizer integrated system for organic cultivation was designed. The system integrated functions of preparing and compounding organic liquid as well as automatical irrigation.Through different subroutines of the system, the aerobic fermentation of organic materials, liquid filtration,compounding and dilution of stock solution,and decision and execution of irrigation strategy can be conducted. Thus,the integration of preparation and management of nutrient solution in organic cultivation,as well as high efficiency and fine management in water and fertilizer could be achieved. In order to verify the reliability and applicability of the system,coconut chaff was selected as organic matrix and non-soil and organic cultivation experiment of cucumber was carried out in the solar greenhouse. The results showed that the system was operated stably in preparation of organic liquid and management of water and fertilizer was good in cucumber cultivation. The mechanization and automation of organic fertilizer and water management was implemented. The yield of cucumber was up to 48 165 kg / hm2,the content of total soluble sugar,vitamin C and titratable acidity were 2. 7%,99. 2 mg / kg and 0. 08%,respectively. The development and application of this system would break through the bottleneck that existed in water and fertilizer management in organic cultivation, and it had important realistic significances.