玉米果穗自动考种系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Automatic Variety Test System for Corn Ear

目前玉米考种主要采用传统的手工考种和基于机器视觉的半人工考种。基于机器视觉的半人工考种是由人工来完成玉米果穗的摆放,通过机器视觉的方法来实现玉米果穗特征参数测量,测量完毕后由人工收集玉米果穗,缺点是半人工、非全自动,测量效率受人工操作时间限制。针对上述问题,为实现玉米果穗考种过程中性状信息的自动图像采集处理及自动称量,设计了一种玉米果穗自动考种系统,主要包括直线振动喂料机、横向定位传输机构、气动夹取搬运机构、图像采集平台、称量平台、推送机构、可编程控制器(PLC)和计算机8部分,来实现玉米果穗的自动喂料、自动排序、自动图像采集处理和自动称量等功能。在此基础上对机构及控制系统进行了样机试制,试验结果表明,样机对玉米果穗的夹取、搬运及放置位置准确,图像采集处理方法可行,样机一个工作周期在6 s以内,试验中,采用单相机时整穗的平均图像测量速度在600 ms/穗以内。样机整体性能能够满足考种使用要求。

Currently,the mainly used corn ear variety test are traditional artificial way and semi-artificial way based on machine vision. Semi-artificial variety test needs people to complete ear of corn placement,then it got the feature extraction of corn ear by using machine vision technology,and the manual collection of corn ear was needed after completing the measurement. The disadvantages of this method were shown as below: semi-artificial,non-automatic,measurement efficiency restricted by manual. To solve these problems and achieve automatic image acquisition and automatic weighing during the process of corn ear variety test traits,an automatic variety test system for corn ear was designed. It included linear vibration feeder,positioned laterally transmission mechanism,pneumatic gripping eight transfer mechanism,image acquisition platform, weighing platform, push mechanism, programmable logic controller( PLC) and computer,which realized the aim of automatic feeding corn ear,automatic sorting,automatic image acquisition and automatic weighing. This project made a prototype trial on the basic. The results of experiment showed that the prototype trial worked well,it gripped and placed corn correctly,and the camera acquired images reliably. One working period costed less than 6 s and the measurement speed was up to 600 ms per ear using single camera. In general,the prototype meets the requirements of test species.