大型自走式喷雾机喷杆研究现状及发展趋势分析

Research Status and Development Trend of Large Self-propelled Sprayer Booms

高地隙自走式喷杆喷雾机是田间施药机械的主要机型,而喷杆是实现喷雾稳定作业的关键机构。近年来,为提高高地隙自走式喷雾机喷杆的精准施药水平,喷杆结构不断得到优化,喷杆减振、平衡技术日趋成熟。本文阐述了喷杆的平面、三角形立体和梯形立体等3种桁架结构,分析国内外自走式喷雾机喷杆的主要结构参数以及减振装置和智能控制系统的技术现状,概述了喷杆在减振、平衡和位姿检测方面的主要研究成果。据统计20 m以上喷幅的喷雾机仅占比6. 79%,10~14. 9 m喷幅占比73. 30%,表明国内以小型喷杆为主,大型喷雾机占比小。分析了国内喷杆存在的主要问题,指出我国喷杆的发展趋势,即优化喷杆结构、加强喷杆系列产品开发、设置多级多点减振机构、提高自平衡控制水平、实现位姿智能监测调整,为我国喷杆进一步的结构优化和性能提升提供了参考。

High clearance self-propelled boom sprayer(HCSBS) is a major type of field spraying machine,and spray boom is a key mechanism to realize the stability of spraying work. In recent years,in order to improve the precise spraying level of HCSBS,the structure of spraying boom has been optimized continuously,and the technology of vibration reduction and balance of spraying boom has become more and more mature. Three kinds of truss structures,including plane,triangular space and trapezoid space types of the sprayer were discussed. Main structure parameters of self-propelled sprayer booms at home and abroad were analyzed. Technical status of vibration damping device and intelligent control system were described. Main research results of spray booms on vibration damping, balance and post measurement were summed up. According to statistics,it was concluded that the proportion of sprayers with sprayer span above 20 m was only 6. 79%,and spray span between 10 m and 14. 9 m accounted for73. 30%,which indicated that Chinese sprayers were mainly small type with shorter and smaller spray boom compared with foreign sprayers,and its large spray machines only accounted for a small proportion.Based on the above researches,main problems of domestic spray booms were analyzed,and development trend of Chinese spray boom was also pointed out,which included structure optimization of spray boom,development of spray boom series products,settlement of multi-stage and multi-point vibration damping mechanism,improvement of self-balance control and monitoring level,and intelligent adjustment of position and posture. The research would provide references for further structure optimization and performance improvement of spray boom in China.