玉米激振摘穗机理分析与参数试验优化

Mechanism Analysis and Experiment Optimization on Parameters of Maize Exciting and Picking

针对玉米立式激振摘穗缺乏相应摘穗机理的深入研究,开展了玉米摘穗机理的探讨,确定了适合玉米高效低损摘穗的激振波频特性曲线,建立了激振摘穗模型,分析了夹持位置、激振频率和振幅对玉米摘穗效果的影响规律;采用激振试验台开展了夹持位置、振幅、频率对其摘穗性能影响规律的单因素试验,确定了满足玉米果穗摘穗的参数取值范围;通过响应面分析试验,确定了适合玉米高效摘穗的最佳参数组合,即在籽粒含水率30. 58%情况下,其夹持位置距离果穗重心10. 8 cm、激振波振幅0. 6 cm、激振波频率17. 8 Hz时,玉米摘穗断茎率为2%,摘穗成功率为98%,满足玉米收获的作业技术要求。

The theory of maize ear picking mechanism was studied based on the advantage of high efficiency and low-loss,and the influence of clamping position,vibration frequency and amplitude on the effect of maize ear picking was determined. The shocking spike model was established and the frequency characteristic curve suitable for the high efficiency and low-loss spike of maize was determined. The shocking and snapping experimental table designed by our own project team was adopted,the single factor influence rule of the clamping position,amplitude and frequency on the performance of snapping was carried out,and the parameter range was determined to satisfy the ear picking of corn. Under the condition of clamping position at 10. 25 ~ 13. 25 cm,amplitude at 0. 5 ~ 1 cm and exciting frequency at15 ~ 18. 3 Hz,it had an ideal exciting effect. Based on the single factor test analysis and in order to ensure the best picking effect without breaking the stem,the response surface methodology was uesd to study the change rule of spike removal after coupling parameters. Through response surface ANOVA analysis,the response regression equation of the effect of clamping position,amplitude and frequency on stem breaking rate and picking success rate was obtained. And combined with the response surface image,the specific influence of clamping position,amplitude and frequency on stem breaking rate and picking success rate were obtained. Finally, through parameter optimization, the best parameter combination suitable for maize high efficiency spike removal was determined. When the moisture content of grain was 30. 58%,its clamping position was 10. 8 cm from the barycentric of the corn era. When the amplitude was 0. 6 cm and the excitation frequency was 17. 8 Hz. The stem breaking rate of maize was2%,and the success rate of picking was 98%. The results fully met the technical requirements of corn harvest,and provided theoretical support for the development of corn harvester.