从自然宗教到公民宗教——卢梭的宗教信仰观

FROM NATURAL RELIGION TO CIVIL RELIGION——ROUSSEAU' S RELIGIOUS BELIEF

卢梭的宗教思想在其政治思想体系中占有非常重要的地位,他在《爱弥儿》以及《社会契约论》中分别提出自己的自然宗教观和公民宗教思想。自然宗教观强调信仰的自由和人民的自主,公民宗教是针对当时西方存在的政教绝对化而提出的一种思路,公民宗教在保证个人信仰自由的同时,激发出人们对于国家的义务,使人们在对宗教信仰忠实的同时,忠实于国家政治。卢梭的宗教思想使其社会契约论在宗教领域得以合理延伸。

Rousseau's religious thoughts occupy a very important position in his political ideology. He claims his natural religion and civil religion in his Emile and social contract theory. His natural religion view emphasizes the freedom of belief and people's democracy.Civil religion is proposed to be a thinking way which is mainly for the Political and Religious absolutism existing in the west at that time. On the one hand,Civil religion is ensuring free individual belief. On the other hand,it is inspiring obligations for the country,through which people are loyal and faithful both in the religious beliefs and the national politics. Rousseau's social contract theory could be reasonably extended in the field of religion through his religious thought.