论张衡的科学技术成就

A DISCUSSION ABOUT ZHANG HENG' S SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

张衡的科技发明和理论研究成果共十二项,都具有领先世界的水平。科技发明方面:漏壶、浑天仪、瑞轮蓂荚三项被西方誉为中国的天文钟;指南车和记里鼓,被欧洲学者誉为"一切控制学之蓝图";土圭,是测量土地的坐标;因创制地动仪,他被誉为地震学的鼻祖。理论研究成果有三项:他计算出的圆周率是3.1466,并首次在记里鼓内加以运用;他发现了月食的真正原因;他是制图学和矩形网格坐标的创始人。

Zhang Heng has a total of twelf scientific inventions and theoretical research results,which are leading the world level. In terms of scientific inventions,Clepsydra,Armillary Sphere and Rui Lun Ming Jia( a kind of automatic calendar) invented by ZHANG Heng are praised by the Westerners as'the Chinese chronometer'; South-pointing Cart,together with Li- drum-hodometer,is hailed as 'the blueprint of all the control theory'; Earth Sundial,one of his inventions,is used as the coordinate to survey the land; his invention of Seismograph makes him the founder of seismology. In addition to those inventions mentioned above,ZHANG Heng has also made three theoretical research results: he not only figured out that the Numerical figure of Pi was 3. 1466,but also used the Pi in the Li-drum-hodometer to calculate the road mileage for the first time; he found the true cause of the lunar eclipse; he is also the founder of cartography and rectangular grid coordinates.