茂兰自然保护区白鹇种群数量与栖息地保护

Population and Habitat Protection of the Silver Pheasant at Maolan National Nature Sanctuary Guizhou Province,China

对贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区进行为期两年白鹇 (Lophuranycthemera)种群数量及栖息地调查研究 .结果表明该区白鹇种群数量为 5 4 7只左右 ,种群密度为 9 32± 3 0 3/km2 ,每群结群数为 5 1 7± 2 37只 .白鹇栖息地分为 7种类型 ,分析各类型主要特征表明 ,白鹇选择栖息地具备 :( 1 )在栖息地上或附近要有水源 ;( 2 )森林郁闭度要在 80 %以上 ;( 3)林下较空旷且灌木层稀少 ;( 4 )人为干扰少 ;( 5 )食物丰富度较高 .调查还表明白鹇栖息地在当今人类经济活动中受到很大的威胁 ,主要表现在当地居民烧柴、采集中草药、修建公路、开展森林生态旅游上 .保护白鹇栖息地的具体措施 :( 1 )加强森林防火 ,保护好现有的森林资源 ;( 2 )根据现有的法律法规 ,在空间和时间上限制采集中草药 ;( 3)加强当地居民的技术培训 ,加大扶贫力度 ,发展社区经济 ;( 4 )进行劳务输出 ,减少区内人口压力 ;( 5 )尽量避免修建林区公路 ,确保森林的连续性 ;( 6)尽快完善森林生态旅游的管理体制 .

During 2000 to 2001,investigations of the population and habitat of silver pheasant( lophura nycthemera rongjiangensis ) in Maolan National Nature Sanctuary, Guizhou Province was conducted. The results showed that the population density of the bird is 9.32±3.03/km 2,the data of produce crowd is 5.17±2.37, population size is 547. Silver pheasant habitat was classified as 7 types and the main features of every habitat also has been analysed. The best place for Silver pheasand inhabit is near water resources, abundance food, forest cover, etc. To protect Silver pheasand habitat, the following works must be done:(1)antipyogenic,(2) confined collecting Chinese herbal medicine,(3)decreasing pressure of human population,(4)ensuring continuous of forest;etc.