爱知之学与成人之教——中西哲学观的歧异与会通

Knowledge-liking Theory and Edification for Perfecting Humans——Difference and Merging of the Outlook of Chinese andWestern Philosophies

就其主要倾向而言,虽同为"形而上学",但中西哲学一为爱知之学而一为成人之教,二者在哲学研究的对象、内容及其功能上均有重大的差异。如果说西方传统哲学主要是以自然界为其研究对象的话,那么中国传统哲学则主要是以人为其研究对象;如果说西方传统哲学主要是以思在关系为其研究内容的话,那么中国传统哲学则主要是以人我关系为其研究内容;如果说西方传统哲学主要是以知识批判为其文化功能的话,那么中国传统哲学则主要是以社会批判为其文化功能。实际上,这两种哲学之间的差异并不妨碍二者根本上的会通,因为正如自然与人本身须臾不可分离那样,科学主义的哲学与人本主义的哲学亦始终处于一种辩证统一的关系之中。

In respect with the main tendency, while both Chinese philosophy and Western Philosophy are 'metaphysics', the former is the knowledge-liking theory and the latter is edification for perfecting humans. There is a significant difference between their study object, content and function. If the traditional western philosophy mainly takes Nature as its study object, then the traditional Chinese philosophy takes humans as its study object. If the traditional western philosophy mainly takes the relationship of thought and being as its study content, then the traditional Chinese philosophy takes the relationship of ego and others as its study content. If the traditional western philosophy mainly takes knowledge criticism as its cultural function, then the traditional Chinese philosophy takes social criticism as its cultural function. In actuality, the difference between these two philosophies does not hamper the fundamental merging of the two because the scientific philosophy and humanistic philosophy are always in the relationship of dialectical unity just as Nature and humans themselves cannot be separated by any means at a moment.