中国高等教育溯源——论北洋西学学堂、南洋公学和京师大学堂的创建

Tracing of Source of Higher Education of China——on the Founding of three Institutions of Higher Education Beiyang,Nanyang and Grand Capital Schools

中国近代教育最早出现于18世纪40年代,它是由外国教会举办的一些学堂,其中有些学堂后来发展为著名的大学,但这些大学并不完全符合中国当局和民众对于国家独立、民族自强的发展愿望。直至19世纪90年代,中国逐渐出现了北洋西学学堂,南洋公学和京师大学堂,产生了中国近代大、中、小学和师范学校的系统学制。这是中国近代教育事业的划时代的创举。

The earliest contemporary education of China appeared in 1840s. Theschools are those run by foreign missionary churches. Some of the schools werelater developed into famous universities. However, these universities were not infull conformance with the development desire of the Chinese authorities and thepublic to achieve state independence and to acquire national self-strength. By1890s, on the Chinese land appeared gradually the Tianjin Chinese-Western School,Shanghai Nanyang Public School and Grand Capital School with a systematiccontemporary Chinese schooling system involving primary school, middle school,university and normal school formed. This is an epoch-making great beginning ofthe contemporary education of China.