现代导向钻井技术的新进展及发展方向

New progress and development direction of modern steering drilling techniques

总结了导向钻井技术的进展历程 ,并指出现代导向钻井先进技术正在高速发展 ,近年又有许多新进展。中国应迎接挑战 ,加大投入 ,加速发展。指出了滑动导向钻井和所谓“复合钻进”存在许多弊端。旋转导向钻井时的摩阻与扭阻小、钻速高、钻头进尺多、钻井时效高、钻井周期短、井身轨迹平滑、极限井深可达 15km ,每米进尺成本低 ,是现代导向钻井的发展方向。现代导向钻井的关键技术是旋转导向钻井、几何导向和地质导向钻井。文章强调了地质导向的功能。着重阐述了旋转导向钻井的原理与控制理论 ,旋转导向钻井系统的 5大组成部分 ,旋转导向钻井工具的工作原理、结构类型及其进展现状和发展方向 ,并对加速发展我国的现代导向钻井技术提出了若干建议。

The advanced techniques of modern steering drilling are developing fast and making a greet progress in recent years.China is facing the challenge and should increase the investment of research on these techniques in order to speed up the progress.The key techniques of the modern steering drilling include rotary steering drilling,the geometric steering and the geologic steering drilling techniques.The function of the geologic steering technique is emphasized.It is indicated that the slid-steering drilling and “rotary-motor combination drilling” will lead to quite a few malpractices.Rotary steering drilling is the direction for developing the modern steering drilling.The main reasons for that are based on several facts as follows:①Its friction force and torques are lower;②The penetration rate is higher; ③The bit footage is longer; ④The drilling efficiency is higher; ⑤The well construction period is shorter; ⑥The well trajectory is smother; ⑦The critical limited drilling depth can reach 15000 meters; ⑧The footage cost per meter is lower.The principles and the controlling theory of the rotary steering drilling,the five subsystems of the rotary steering drilling system,the working principle and kind of construction,the present progress and the developing trend of the rotary steering drilling tool are discussed.The author points out the developing direction of modern steering drilling technique and gives several advices to increase the speed of the drilling industry's development in China.