病原微生物对抗菌药物的耐药性调查

Epidemiological Study of Bacteria and Strategy of Antibiotics

目的 分析 1999年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 11月阜外心血管病医院细菌的流行分布 ,以及各种细菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性变化。方法 对分离细菌菌株鉴定后用纸片扩散法测定各种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果 显示 1999年4月～ 2 0 0 1年 11月革兰阴性分离菌株的比例无显著变化 ,仍然是医院感染的主要致病菌 ;不动杆菌所占比例逐年增加 ,假单胞菌 (以铜绿假单胞菌为主 )相对减少 ;外科病房感染患者革兰阳性菌株较高 ;革兰阴性菌对三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高。结论 提示在经验应用抗菌药物时 ,需充分考虑院内细菌的流行分布、细菌耐药以达到更为合理的使用抗菌药物 ;监测细菌分布及耐药性变化非常重要。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of clinical isolated bacteria and the trend of antibiotics resistance from the Fu Wai Heart Hospital in Apr 1999 Nov 2001, for the guidance of the use of antibiotics. METHODS Disk diffusion test was used to determine the susceptibility of antibiotics to the clinical isolated bacteria. RESULTS There is no difference in Gram negative bacteria ratio during this time. The Gram negative bacteria are still the major pathogenic ones in the nosocomial infection. The ratio of isolated Acinetobacter is increasing and the Pseudomonas is decreasing year by year. The amount of isolated Gram positive bacteria is more in surgical department than in medical one. The Gram negative bacteria have more resistance for the third generation cephalosporin. CONCLUSIONS It is very important to monitor the distribution of the bacteria causing nosocomial infections and the resistance to antibiotics, in order to reasonably use the antibiotics reasonable usage.