氮磷钾配比对巴西陆稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Various Applying Ratios of N, P and K on the Yielding and Quality of Brazilian Upland Rice IARAR9

为了提高旱稻的产量和品质,用正交旋转组合试验设计,研究了氮、磷、钾肥用量配方对巴西陆稻IAPAR9的生长发育、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:氮肥用量与巴西陆稻的最高苗数、有效穗数、干物质积累呈显著正相关;施磷量与稻谷产量呈显著正相关;施氮、钾量与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关,增施钾肥对提高结实率和增穗、增重有明显的作用;氮肥、磷肥、钾肥用量与巴西陆稻的成穗率均呈较弱的负相关,氮、磷、钾肥用量对稻米外观品质影响不大,不同处理间的垩白粒率、整精米率、蛋白质含量的变异幅度较大.巴西陆稻IAPAR9有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重与产量均有不同程度的正相关,产量性状对产量的效应从大到小依次为有效穗数、结实率、每穗实粒数、千粒重.说明提高巴西陆稻IAPAR9单产的关键在于增加有效穗数,提高结实率.

The author aims at the main nutritional characteritics and different effects of various applying ratios of nitrogen(N), phosphate(P) and potassium(K) on yield and quality of Brazilian upland rice IAPAR9, based on the field experiment with the orthogonal rotational combinatorial design.The results are as follows: the maximum tillers,effective ears,accumulation rate of dry matter and N application are highly correlated.The rice yield and P application are distinctly positively correlated.The rice yield and N, K application are highly positively correlated as well.The amount of K fertilization is positively related with seedgrain weight.N,P,K application and tillerbearing percent are of indistinct negative correlation.The effect of N,P,K application to brown rice and milled rice is not significantly different,while that of head rice,chalky rice,and protein content is significantly different. The correlation among main yield components characters of IAPAR9 is analysed.The results show that the effective tiller number,mean grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight and seedsetting percentage are positively correlated to actual yield.In addition, the improvement of actual yield in IAPAR9 could be achieved by increasing effective tiller and seedsetting percentage.