通风换气改善居室空气质量及健康效应的研究

Effect of Proper Ventilation on Improving Indoor Air Quality and Dweller's Health.

于1988年12月至1989年4月,对417户有儿童居室的通风换气与呼吸道健康状况进行了调查,并以模拟方式探讨改善措施。结果表明,85％居室每小时换气次数(ACH)介于0.5—1.0之间,ACH与儿童呼吸道每100人周(pw)症状率呈负相关关系(P<0.01),ACH<0.5儿童呼吸道症状率3.52/100pw高于其他组;开窗时ACH为关门窗时的4倍,室内空气中CO_2、HCHO、^(222)Rn浓度关门窗为开门时的1—3倍,室内风速<0.05m/s,通风效率E<1,致使污染物逐渐累积,长期接触有害健康,如若以“对流论”组织通风,则可有效地改善空气质量,增进居民健康。

An investigation on the natural ventilation in 417 rural dwellinghouses with children living in was carried out in south China from December 1988 to April 1989. Meanwhile, ,a follow-up observation of respiratory health conditions for the dwelling children was performed. An experimental model was also established to explore the possible improving measures. The results revealed that in 85% of the dwelling-houses, the times of air changes per hour (ACH) ranged from 0.5 to 1.0, and ACH was negatively correlated to the rate of respiratory symptoms (RRS) in the children (P<0.01); when ACH was less than 0.5, the children's RRS was 3.52/ 100pw, which is much higher than that of other groups with larger ACH; when room doors and windows were open, the ACH was 4 times as much as that when they were closed; moreover, closing doors and windows increased the indoor air concentrations of CO2, HCHO, and 222 Rn by 1-3 times; when the indoor air flow velocity was below 0.05 m/s the ventilation efficiency decreased to below 1.0, accordingly, the pollutants gradually accumlated and would finally impair the health of the residents. This study suggested that the proper arrangement of the ventilation in the light of the convection theory may effectively improve the air quality and thereby the health conditions of the residents.