黄河中上游地区水利水保措施蓄水拦沙作用分析评价

Analysis and Evaluation on Storing Water and Retaining Sediment Through Hydraulic and Soil and Water Conservation Measures Conducted in the Middle and Upper Reaches Area of the Yellow River

对黄河中上游地区水利水保措施的蓄水拦沙作用分析的结果表明,现阶段水保措施年均蓄水量为10亿m^3,年均拦沙量3亿t,支流水库和淤地坝的拦沙量占水保措施拦沙量的77.8％。这种蓄水拦沙作用是在80、90年代降雨量减少的情况下得出的,由于前期积累、隐蔽、潜伏着许多泥沙问题,某些支流遇到较大暴雨产沙量激增,这对黄河下游可能会造成一定影响。当前应当把更多的精力和投资放在沟道的整治和利用上,大力修建控制性的大型骨干水库或淤地坝。

The analysis results on storing water and retaining sediment through hydraulic and soil and water conservation measures conducted in the middle and upper reaches area of the Yellow River show that through soil and water conservation measures, the average annual water stored at the present stage is 1 billion m3, sediment retained 300 million tons and sediment retained by reservoirs and warpping dams located on tributaries makes up 77.8 % of that soil and water conservation measures. This is concluded under the conditions of less precipitation happened in 1980s and 1990s. Due to many accumulated, remained and latent sediment issues at early stage, the sediment production of some tributaries will shoot up and water level sharply increase if there is a heavier rainstorm, bringing about a certain impacts to the lower Yellow River. At present, we should put more efforts and investment into the control and utilization of gullies and building vigorously key control reservoirs and warpping dams.