元与清定立国号的思想文化分析

Ideological Culture Analysis of the Titles of Yuan and Qing Dynasties

忽必烈在汉臣建议下所定国号“大元”,取义与汉民族儒家经典《易经》密切相关,也合乎蒙古民族敬天的习俗,并与“大蒙古国”、“大朝”一脉相承。“大元”国号的定立,包含了赢取中原正统的政治与文化的企图,反映了蒙古从游牧国家到中原王朝转变的完成。努尔哈赤所建“金”国号,曾经是女真政治与民族共同体的鲜明标帜;皇太极易“金”为“大清”。“大清”不仅在气势、取义上胜过“大明”,而且顺应了汉人一般的思想观念,又能为女真或满洲民族所认同,为蒙古各部所赞成。

Under the suggestion of the Han Officials, Hu Bi-lie decided the title of his dynasty, ' The Great Yuan', of which the meaning was closely related to Han nationality's Confucian Scriptures: The Book of Changes. It conformed to Mongolian customs to worship the Heaven. It was direct successors of 'The Great Mongolia' and 'The Great Dynasty'. 'The Great Yuan' symbolized the winning of the orthodox politics and cultural attempt in the place of Zhongyuan. It reflected that Mongolia accomplished the transformation of the empire from a nomadic nation to Zhongyuan Empire. Nu-Er-Ha-Chi established the title of Jin Dynasty, which had a clear-cut stand of the politics and national community of Nuzhen Nationality. Huang Tai-ji changed 'Jin' to 'The Great Qing'. 'The Great Qing' surpassed 'The Great Ming', not only in power and meaning, but also conformed to the general ideas of the Han people and was approved by Nuzhen and Manchu nationalities. All the Mongolian tribes agreed of it.