冻结资产与石油禁运——太平洋战争前美国对日本的经济制裁

Freeze Funds and Oil Embargo——the U.S.Enforce Economical Sanction to Japan before the Pacific War

太平洋战争爆发前 ,面对日本的扩张 ,美国逐步勒紧经济制裁的“缰绳” ,但出于大西洋优先的考虑 ,又不愿意过度刺激日本 ,以保持外交的“灵活”性。美国政府冻结日本资产以后 ,并没有打算实行石油禁运 ,但由于在冻结令的实施过程中 ,一个重要的“鹰派”人物———迪安·艾奇逊发挥了重要作用 ,使冻结资产演变成为事实上的石油禁运 ,从而完成了美国对日经济制裁的最后一环 ,也是最致命的一环。日本则以偷袭珍珠港作为回应 ,太平洋战争在 1 941年底爆发了。

Before the Pacific war broke out ,the United States drew the reins of economical sanction firmer and firmer as responses to the Japanese expanded her strength gradually .But the United States didn't want to stimulate Japan more excessively in order to keep the diplomacy more flexible as concern of the strategy of the Europe first ,the government also didn't intend to embargo the oil after she froze funds of Japan .But because a famous hawks-Dean Acheson act more importantly in the implementation process of freeze orders ,so the freeze orders became oil embargo in the fact .The oil embargo is the last and fatal step of economical sanction to Japan ,so Japan attack the Pearl Harbor as reprisal to the United States.As a result the pacific war broke out in the end of 1941.