齿轮故障诊断中的单齿分析技术

Single Gear Analysis Technique for the Detection of Gear Faults

齿轮故障诊断通常先对振动信号进行时域同步平均降噪处理,进而利用频谱分析或包络分析等方法,得出故障特征信息。本文在此基础上提出了单齿分析技术。它将振动平均信号等距分段(所分段数与被监测齿轮齿数相等),然后对分段信号进行频谱分析等。比较各段信号的异同以揭示故障齿的确切位置。该方法对齿轮的表面局部损伤故障的早期诊断和断齿故障早期诊断十分有效,可以准确地辨别出有故障齿的位置,为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种有效手段。

This paper presents a procedure of single gear tooth analysis for early detection and diagnosis of gear faults. The objective of this procedure is to develop a method for more sensitive detection of the incipient faults and locating the faults in the gear. The main idea of the single gear tooth analysis is that the vibration signals collected with high sampling rate are divided into a number of segments with the same time interval. The number of the signal segments is equal to that of gear teeth. The analysis of individual segment reveals more sensitively the changes of the vibration signals in both time and frequency domain caused by gear faults. In addition, the location of failed tooth can be indicated in terms of the position of the segment that deviates from normal segments. A numerical simulated signal and an experimental investigation verified the advantages of the single gear tooth analysis.