不同施肥对稻麦养分吸收利用的影响

The Effects of Different Fertilizers on the Absorption and Utilization of Rice and Wheat

2000年在国家紫色土肥力和肥料效益监测基地上长期定位试验小区(西南农业大学校本部农场)内,进行的不同施肥处理对稻麦养分吸收利用影响的定位试验结果表明:施N肥能提高稻麦子粒含N量,施用P肥能提高稻麦植株各部位P含量,有机肥与化肥配合施用比单施化肥处理水稻含P量高。施用K肥能提高小麦茎叶含K量,但子粒中K含量变化较小,K主要保留在茎叶中;Cl能促进小麦对K的吸收。小麦对N、P、K肥的利用率分别为27.8%、38.9%和22.9%;水稻对N、P、K肥的利用率分别为35.8%、26.8%和41.8%。水稻对N肥和K肥的利用率高于小麦,而小麦对P肥的利用率则高于水稻。

The local experiment was carried out to deal with the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the absorption and utilization of rice and wheat in the longterm fertilizer experiments in the national monitoring base of purple soil fertility and fertilizer benefit at Southwest Agriculture University in 2000. The results showed that nitrogen in the seeds of rice and wheat is higher with the treatment of N fertilizer than that without it. The phosphorus content in each part of rice and wheat increased with the application of phosphorus fertilizer to them ,and it is higher in rice treated with both organic and chemical fertilizers than that with the application of chemical fertilizers.The stalks and leaves of wheat contain more potassium by using potassium fertilizer, but it changes a little in the seeds of wheat, because it mainly remains in the stalks and leaves. With potassium fertilizer, the absorbing capacity of potassium rice is obviously higher than that of non potassium fertilizer applied to rice. Chlorine can promote wheat to absorb potassium. The utilization rate of N ?P and K fertilizers on wheat is 27.8%?6.9% and 22.9% respectively ,while it is 35.8%?26.8% and 41.8% on rice.The utilization rate of N.and K.fertilizers is higher on rice;but that of P.fertilzer is higher on wheat.