北方沼气池公厕建造及卫生效果研究

Study on Construction and Sanitary Effect of Public Lavatary with a Biogas Tank Built in the North

在河北省满城县设计建成一座沼气池公厕,利用厌氧发酵处理公厕粪便。沼气池为两池三室。大便池无冲水设备,每日人工冲洗一次,仅小便池设喷水花管,以节约用水,浓缩沼气池中粪液浓度,延长粪便在池中滞留时间,并提高沼气产量。经过一年的卫生学检测,处理后粪便各有关指标可以达到粪便无害化卫生标准。冬季气温在-11～10℃时,池温为11～12℃,仍能产气和维持处理效果。与建有标准化粪池的冲水公厕比较,沼气池公厕处理粪便效果好,能节约用水,并回收一定能源。文中讨论了北方建设沼气池公厕应注意的问题。

A Public lavatary with a biogas tank was constructed in Man Cheng County, Hebei province in 1989. Faeces were treated by anaerobic fermentation in the bio-gas tank whick had two tanks and was divided into three chambers. There was no water device to flush faeces on the faeces trough, instead, it was flushed by manual work once a day. An horizontal tube, which water can be spurted from, was set up on the urinal. Water went into the last chamber in the biogas tank. In this way, water was saved, faeces consistency was concentrated in the tank, faeces were detained in the tank much longer, biogas production was increased. Faeces samples were tested in the laboratory for one year. Most related indexes which were got from the treated faeces could reach to sanitary standard for the non-hazardous treatment of night soil. In winter,when air temperature was-11-10℃, temperature in biogas tank was 11-12℃. Biogas could be still produced. The process of non-hazardous treatment could be maintained. Co-mparied with a public lavatary which could be flushed by water and a septic tank connected with, this lavatary with a biogas tank had better treatment effect on faeces. Water could be saved, and energy resources could be collected. In this article, some problems are discussed, which should be paid attention to during a Public lavataries with biogas tank are built in the North.