洪涝灾害期间饮用水污染及防制对策研究

Study Drinking Water Pollution and Countermeasure During Flood Disaster

本文报道了1991年江苏洪涝灾害期间饮用水污染现状,探讨了预防控制对策及其效果。结果表明,灾区各类饮用水水源遭受严重的生物性污染,超标率显著高于1986～1990年同期平均水平,部分水源检出多种肠道致病菌。受灾初期,全省制订了对策预案,灾期强化的健康教育、水源保护、水质监测、饮水净化消毒和应急供水措施等一系列预防控制对策,使灾区饮用水细菌学质量显著好于1986～1990年同期平均水平,全省及重灾区水性肠道传染病罹患率分别比80年代最高发病年同期下降50.65％和12.27％;饮水消毒与腹泻病控制经济效益显著,投入与产出之比为1:12.24。

The paper reports the drinking water pollution in the 1991's flood disasters in Jiangsu province and exPlores the counter-measure of Prevention and control,and it's efficiency. The results show that the varied sources of drinking watr suffered from the heavy biological and organic Pollution, and their rates of the beyond standard were higher than average level in 1986-1991's same period. The enteric Pathogens were found in some water sources. At the beginning of disaster, the preplans of counter-measure were made, emphasizing a series of control measures during flood disasters, such as health education, protection of the drinking water sources,drinking water monitoring and disinfetion, emergency measure of water supply. As a result, the bacteriological quality of drinking water was apparently better than the average level in 1986-1990's same period, the morbidity of the enter infectious diseases associated with drinking water reduced 50.65% in whole Province and 12.27% in the severe disaster area compared with the 1980's highest level of morbidity. Meanwhile, it is obvious to obtain economic benefits of the control dia-rrhetic diseases by drinking water disinfection, and the ratio of cost and benefits was 1 : 12.24.