SARS在我国流行提出的伦理和政策问题

Ethical and Policy Issues Emerging in the SRAS Epidemic in China

本文讨论SARS在我国流行提出的伦理和政策问题。作者指出SARS的流行说明不能认为随着人类文明的进展,疾病将会逐渐减少以至被消灭,更应该警惕跨物种感染的发生。SARS的流行突出说明公共卫生在保障公众健康和卫生资源公正分配中的重要性,而公共卫生由政府负起责任,建议起草"公共卫生法",并加强公民的医学和健康教育,对不卫生和不文明的管制。SARS的流行也突出了农民的医疗保险问题,应按照国家、单位和农民共同负责的原则,保障农民的生命健康权,并各级政府对此责无旁贷。SARS的流行也说明医院改革中的问题,一些错误的政策和措施恶化医患关系,必须改革医务人员的工资制度。SARS的流行提出了另一个问题是正确处理人类与动物的关系,人们有责任关怀动物,建议修改"野生动物保护法",取缔和杜绝食用野生动物和作为人类助手和朋友的宠物。

The article discusses the ethical and policy issues emerging in the SARS epidemic in China. The epidemic shows that it is not the case that with the advance of civilization the diseases will be decreased or eventually eradicated, especially we must be alert at the cross-species infection. The epidemic highlighted the important role played by public health in safeguarding public health and guaranteeing just allocation of health resources. The government must take the responsibility to enhance the capacity for public health, it is necessary to draft a the Law on Public Health including improving medical literacy and health education to the public, and regulation on individual unhealthy and uncivilized behavior. Another issues raised by the epidemic is medical security for peasants who should enjoy the life and health right as citizens in cities do, the governments at all levels have the responsibility for it. As for as the reform of hospitals, some policies and measures have already had negative consequences on the relationship between physicians and patients, reforms have are to be made including the reform of distribution system for medical professionals' salary. Last but not least issue is the relationship between humans and animals, humans have responsibility for caring animals, 'The Law on Protecting Wild Animals' should be revised to include banning to eat wild and pet animals who are human assistants and friends.