教育场域和民主学堂

The Field of Education and the Academy of Democracy

教育在布迪厄的文化社会学中占有关键的位置,教育关系到现代等级社会中阶级、文化和权力的联系方式,教育起着维持和再生产当下社会等级的文化作用。教育制度是当代社会中调控社会地位和特权的主要体制之一,而学校则是生产、传递和积累各种文化资本的最基本的体制基础。布迪厄对教育的分析甚为深刻,但也需要与更明确的公众生活理论和社会改革理想结合,方能成为对当今中国社会性教育改革有用的思想资源。在杜威的教育理论中,我们可以找到一些这样的社会公众生活理论和社会改革理想。

Education occupies a central place in Pierre Bourdieu' s sociology of culture. With Bourdieu education represents the connections between class, culture, and power in modern stratified societies. To study education is to study the particular institution that controls the allocation of status and privilege in contemporary societies. Schools constitute the primary social field in which cultural capital is produced, accumulated, and transmitted. Insightful as Bourdieu' s analysis of education is, it needs to be supplemented by a theory of public life and a positive vision ofsocial reform——such as what we can find with John Dewey——when it is introduced into China as a resource ofdemocratic thinking.