延安市日光温室蔬菜施肥现状与环境效应

The study of fertilizer application and its effect to environment in sunlight greenhouse in Yan'an

调查分析延安市日光温室蔬菜目前的施肥现状和存在问题,结果表明蔬菜主要施肥问题是偏施氮磷肥,而且用量超过蔬菜的需肥量,忽视钾肥和微量元素的施用.过量施肥造成土壤NO-3-N累积和地下水NO-3-N含量超标,地下水NO-3-N含量达142mg/L.根据西红柿和黄瓜的需肥要求,提出了黄瓜和西红柿合理的N、P、K肥和有机肥用量.日光温室黄瓜产量150000kg/hm2的施用量为N750～840kg/hm2,P2O5450～540kg/hm2,K2O450～750kg/hm2,有机肥60～80t/hm2较为合理.日光温室西红柿180000kg/hm2产量的施用量为N810～960kg/hm2,P2O5420～510kg/hm2,K2O540～690kg/hm2,有机肥50～80t/hm2较为合理.分析了施肥对土壤环境和地下水NO-3-N含量的影响,并提出了日光温室蔬菜施肥的改进措施.

Passing to investigation and to analyze the fertilizer application ofvegetable in sunlight greenhouse in Yan'an, the results shown that fertilization of vegetable in sunlight greenhouse is too more nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and almost no potassium fertilizer and micro element fertilizer, owing to used morn fertilizer, especially more nitrogen cause nitrate content high in soil and groundwater. Nitrate in groundwater is as much as142 mg/L .According to the nutrition needs of cucumber and tomato and soil fertility, reasonable fertilizer rate of the cucumber and tomato are recommended as follow: N 750～840 kg/hm2,P2O5 450～540 kg/hm2,K2O 450～750 kg/hm2 and manure 60～80 t/hm2 are needed to reach the yield of 150 000 kg/hm2 cucumber; N 810～960 kg/hm2,P2O5 420～510 kg/hm2,K2O 540～690 kg/hm2,manure 50～80 t/hm2 are needed to reach the yield of 180 000 kg/hm2 tomato. To measure and analyze the effect of fertilization to soil NO-3N and groundwater NO-3N in vegetable production of sunlight greenhouse , some suggestion are being bring upped to the vegetable production in sunlight greenhouse.