不同体重指数和腰围人群的血压均值及高血压患病率调查

Mean level of blood pressure and rate of hypertension among people with different levels of body mass index and waist circumference

目的 探讨体重指数 (BMI)和腰围 (WC)对人群血压水平和高血压患病率的影响。方法 对 1992～ 1994年和 1998年在中国不同地区男女性中年人群中进行的两次心血管病危险因素调查资料合并共 35 0 0 3人 ,比较不同BMI和WC分组的平均血压水平及其高血压患病率。结果 随着BMI和 /或WC的增加 ,人群血压水平、高血压患病率呈明显的上升趋势 ,在多数BMI组中 ,男女性WC与血压均值和高血压患病率间存在明显的线性相关关系 (线性趋势检验P <0 .0 5 ) ,同样在不同的WC组中 ,BMI均与血压均值和高血压患病率间存在明显的线性相关关系。男女性按不同BMI及WC标准分组的年龄调整高血压患病率分别为 16 .5 %、14.1%(BMI <2 4kg/m2 ,男 /女 :WC <85 /80cm) ,2 9.8%、2 0 .6 %(BMI <2 4kg/m2 ,男 /女 :WC≥ 85 / 80cm) ,2 9.6 %、2 4.7%(BMI:2 4.0～ 2 7.9kg/m2 ,男 /女 :WC <85 / 80cm ) ,39.2 %、30 .3%(BMI:2 4.0～ 2 7.9kg/m2 ,男 /女 :WC≥ 85 / 80cm) ,5 7.5 %、43 .3 %(BMI≥ 2 8kg/m2 ,男 /女 :WC≥ 85 / 80cm)。结论 BMI和WC均与人群血压有相互独立的关联 ,保持BMI和WC均在正常范围是预防高血压的有效措施。

Objective To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) including hypertension. Methods A total of 30 003 participants aged 35-59 from different parts of China were surveyed for cardiovascular disease risk factors in two independent cross-sectional studies that were carried out in 1992-1994 and in 1998. Data were pooled to analyze the levels of BP and rates of hypertension with different levels of BMI and WC. Results The level of BP and rate of hypertension were significantly increasing with rising of WC among the majority of BMI groups ( P value for trend< 0.05) and significantly increasing with rising of BMI in all WC groups ( P value for trend< 0.05). The age adjusted hypertension rate with BMI< 24.0 kg/m2 and WC<85/80 cm (men/women), BMI< 24.0 kg/m2 and WC≥85/80 cm(M/W), BMI 24.0- 27.9 kg/m2 and WC<85/80 cm (M/W), BMI 24.0- 27.9 kg/m2 and WC≥85/80 cm(M/W), BMI≥28 kg/m2 and WC≥85/80 cm(M/W) were 16.5%, 29.8%, 29.6%, 39.2% and 57.5% for men and 14.1%, 20.6%, 24.7%, 30.3% and 43.3% for women, respectively. Conclusion Independent influence of BMI or WC on BP was noticed. Keeping BMI and WC at normal level might effectively prevent the occurrence of hypertension.