伍氏病蚤雷州亚种传播鼠疫媒介能力的研究

Study on vector ability of Nosopsyllus wualis leizhouensis in the transmission of plague

目的 查明伍氏病蚤雷州亚种传播鼠疫的能力 ,评价其媒介作用和地位。方法 在温度 19℃± 1℃、湿度 85 %± 5 %条件下 ,根据动物间鼠疫传播的原理 ,分别进行了蚤的感染、集群传播、单蚤单鼠传播、单蚤传播、菌栓形成和带菌蚤生存期限等试验。结果 蚤染疫率 94.6 4%,集群传疫率10 0 %,单蚤单鼠传疫率 30 %,单蚤传播共传黄毛鼠 388只 ,传播成功 9只 ,传播潜能 0 .36 0 ,媒介效能0 .2 5 7,栓塞存活潜能 0 .86 8,媒介指数 0 .2 2 3 ,吸血的染疫蚤平均存活时间 17.5 8天 ( 1～ 5 8天 ) ,饥饿的染疫蚤平均存活时间 7.2 5天 ( 1～ 16天 ) ,菌栓蚤平均存活时间 7.6 4天 ( 1～ 16天 ) ,菌栓形成时间 8.80天 ( 2～ 16天 ) ,菌栓形成率 78.12 %。结论 伍氏病蚤有传播鼠疫的能力 ,可在鼠 蚤 鼠模式中起媒介作用。

Objective To find out the vector ability and function of Nosopsyllus wualis leizhouensis in the transmitting plague. Methods In T:19℃±1℃,RH:85%±5%, data regarding the vector ability as cluster spreading, single flea spreading, single flea transmitting plague to single animal, formative bacterial embolus and infection fleas life-span through experiments was gathered. Results The rate of infection on fleas was 94.64%, with 100% transmission rate of colony to spread, and 30% from single flea spreading to single animal. In the experiment of single flea transmission, all of the 388 rattus loseas were bitten by the fleas with bacterial, but only 9 animals were characteristically infected with the transmission potential, vector efficiency, survival potential of embolus, vector index as 0.360, 0.257, 0.868 and 0.223 respectively. The mean survive days of infected flea feed with blood were 17.58( 1-58), and the mean survive days of hunger infected flea were 7.25( 1-16). Formative bacterial embolus days were 8.80( 2-16) and the rate of embolus flea was 78.12%. Conclusion Nosopsyllus wualis leizhouensis could serve as vector and important in the mode of plague transmittion.