部分农村地区婴儿辅食添加状况调查

Study of Complementary Feeding Practice in Rural Areas of China

【目的】 了解目前农村婴儿辅食添加的状况及其影响因素。 【方法】 选择内蒙古、四川、陕西三省 ,用分层整群抽样的方法抽取 611名有 4～ 12个月婴儿的母亲 ,于 2 0 0 1年 8～ 10月对其进行辅食添加知识和行为的问卷调查。 【结果】 ①婴儿平均开始添加辅食的月龄为 5 .6个月左右 ;4个月时添加 1种及以上辅食的占 2 7.3 % ;6个月时 6种辅食全部添加的为 2 0 .5 %。②淀粉、水果、蔬菜、鸡蛋每天添加 1次及以上的占 65 .0 %以上 ,而鱼 /肉和豆制品每天添加 1次及以上的占 3 9.4%和 42 .0 %。③婴儿 7个月时仍未添加辅食的主要原因是婴儿不吃、母亲认为没必要或认为对这个年龄的婴儿不适宜。④ 71.0 %的母亲接受过辅食添加的教育。其中 ,主要途径为媒体者占 46.5 % ,广告小册子占 40 .3 % ,家属、邻居和朋友占 2 4.4% ,而医务人员和保健人员占 2 3 .3 %。⑤影响辅食添加的因素主要为家庭年人均收入、产后恢复工作、产后工作时间、产时及孕期母乳喂养健康教育、母亲喂养知识水平、辅食添加知识来源及婴儿是否在 4个月以内开始喂奶制品等。 【结论】 农村婴儿辅食添加时间晚、品种少、次数少 ,农村妇女辅食添加知识贫乏 ,应加强辅食添加知识的健康教育 ,宣传母乳及辅食的优点 。

To study the situation of complementary feeding and its influencing factors in rural areas of China. A total of 611 mothers who had 4～12 months infants were selected randomly by cluster sampling and investigated with questionnaire in some rural areas of Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces. And the questionnaire was about the mothers' knowledge and practice of complementary feeding. ①The average infant age of complementary feeding was about 5.6 months. 27.3% of the infants were added one of complementary food and above at 4 months, and only 20.5% of the infants were added all kinds of complementary food at 6 months. ② 65.0% of infants were added starches, fruits, vegetables, eggs once and above each day, meat and bean products were 39.4% and 42.0%. ③ Main reasons of no starting complementary feeding at 7 months were baby refused; mother thought it,unnecessary, and in not appropriate for the infants. ④ 71.0% of the mothers had accepted health education of complementary feeding, among them 46.5% from media, 40.3% from leaflets, 24.4% from relatives and friends, only 23.3% from doctors and health workers. ⑤ Influencing factors of complementary feeding were per capita income, earlier returning to work after delivery, having health education of complementary feeding during pregnancy period and after delivery, mothers' knowledge level of breastfeeding, ways of getting knowledge about complementary feeding, given milkpowder and its time.[Conclusions] The time of adding complementary feeding was late, its kinds and frequency were fewer in rural areas. Women in rural areas were lack of knowledge for complementary feeding. Hence, the mothers in rural areas should be enhanced the health education of complementary feeding, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice.