放射事故的软毁伤机理分析与对策初探

Analysis on Mechanism and Countermeasure for the Soft Damage in Radiation Accident

[目的 ]分析放射事故 (灾变的一种 )产生后的各个环节情况 ,探讨应对灾变的管理措施 ,预防和有效地驾驭灾变 ,将损失减少到最低限度。[方法 ]利用软毁伤的作用机理及软毁伤的等级划分法 ,对X市与N市的放射事故的各个环节进行分析。 [结果 ]通过事故各环节的分析 ,可发现问题 ,抓住重点。X市事故中灾源管理的主体之一卫生部门 ,在信息传递中未处于主导地位 ,未发挥应有的专业技术作用 ,以致“个人反应”与“群体效应”都较大 ,参与调查的刑侦人员的软毁伤达到二级 ;而N市事故中 ,卫生部门虽也处于信息传递的旁支 ,且未采取任何封锁消息的措施 ,但接诊及第一个到现场的是卫生专业人员 ,个人及群体反应都平静。[结论 ]软毁伤的预防关键在于灾源管理。灾变发生时领导集团的反应与采取的对策应当恰当。应对灾变的过程越短 。

Objective\] To analysis the radiation accident in each phase, explore the management measures for the disaster, resulting in minimum degree of the damage \ Each phase of two radiation accidents happened in X and N City were analyzed according to the mechanism and the grade of soft damage \ The problem and emphasis for the accidents can be found by this method The X City Health Bureau was not participated in the information report and not played a necessary professional role, resulting in a larger soft damage, including 'individual reaction' and 'community reaction' The damage of the investigators reached to Grade 2;Although N City Bureau played not so important role in accident reporting and released by public media, the radiation experts arrived the field early and quickly, so the individual and community scare did not happened \[ Conclusion\] The management for disaster source is a key factor to prevent soft damage The countermeasure for the disaster should be correctly taken by government in accident control The shorter time for disaster controlled, the lower degree for the soft damage