渗灌条件下水稻的节水灌溉制度和氮肥运筹技术研究

Water-saving irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilizer application for rice fields under seepage irrigation

针对江苏省淮北平原地区稻麦轮作生产实际,在田间埋设塑料波纹暗管,通过调节外沟水位对水稻实施渗灌,就渗灌条件下水稻的节水灌溉制度和氮肥运筹技术进行了研究。提出了渗灌条件下以稻田地下水位和土壤含水量作为控制指标的水稻节水灌溉模式,该技术和常规浅水勤灌相比,水稻节水达16 5%,增产14 3%。试验结果还表明,水稻采用节水灌溉制度后,氮肥用量和基蘖肥与穗粒肥的比例显著影响水稻地上部分干物质积累、矿质营养、籽粒产量和营养品质,渗灌条件下水稻高产优质、浅层地下水不受NO3 N污染的施N量为270～315kgN hm2,基蘖肥 穗粒肥为5∶5。

In the north part of Huai River basin,a rotation production mode of rice and winter wheat is practiced and watersaving irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilizer coupling techniques for rice are conducted under seepage irrigation.The authors proposed a watersaving irrigation regime for paddy field,taking the groundwater table and soil moisture in the field as the controlling criterion.Compared with the conventional flood irrigation, this technique would lead to water saving of 165% and grain yield increment of 143%.By adopting the technique,the total amount of nitrogen fertilizers and the ratio of basaltiller N fertilizer to eargrain N fertilizer considerably influenced the nutrients,grain yield and quality and dry matte accumulation of the plant.The total nitrogen fertilizers should be used at a standard of 270-315kg/hm2 and the ratio of basaltiller N fertilizer to eargrain N fertilizer should be 5∶5,and then the rice could have high yield and good quality and the shallow underground water could be free of nitrate pollution.