卧龙大熊猫栖息地植物群落多样性研究 Ⅰ.植物群落的基本特征

Diversity of the Plant Community of Giant Pandas' Habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve Ⅰ.The Basic Characters of Plant Community

本文应用植物群落学理论分析了卧龙自然保护区野生大熊猫主要栖息地的植物种类组成、区系地理成分、优势树种以及生活型谱等特征。结果表明:卧龙大熊猫主要栖息于以铁杉、岷江冷杉、麦吊云杉、四川红杉、西南樱桃、华西枫杨、连香树、疏花槭、川滇长尾槭、水青树、领春木、红桦、糙皮桦等树种组成的落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林和亚高山暗针叶林内。栖息地群落中分布的常见种子植物有72科182属413种,其中裸子植物12种,双子叶植物362种,单子叶植物51种;且以松科、桦木科、槭树科、杜鹃花科、忍冬科、蔷薇科、杨柳科、五加科、竹亚科、虎耳草科、菊科、毛茛科、荨麻科、禾本科等科植物构成优势组合,占组成植物总数的56%以上。从植物地理成分分析来看,无论是科分布型,还是属分布型,大熊猫栖息地植物都以温带分布类型为主,分别占47 2%和48 9%。植物群落生活型谱中以高位芽植物占优势,达54 96%,反映出大熊猫栖息地的植物群落具有温带落叶阔叶林和寒温带针叶林的特点。

In this paper researches were made on the characters of the floristic geographical composition,the dominant species and the physiognomy of the plant community to the giant pandas' habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve according to the theory of plant community.The data have shown that there are 72 families,182 genera and 413 species in the community,and the family and genera which belong to the type of the temperate distribution region,and the physiognomy of the community is characterized by highlevel deciduous plants,but there are a few evergreen highlevel coniferous trees.The community possesses the nature of evident transition.