上海郊区冬夏季鸟类群落特征比较

Summer and Winter Avian Communities in Shanghai Suburban Area

20 0 0年冬季和 2 0 0 1年夏季对上海郊区三种典型生境 (农田居民区、湿地滩涂和丘陵林地 )鸟类分别进行了调查 ,共记录到鸟类 96种 ,隶属 1 4目 2 9科。本文重点探讨了冬夏两季鸟类群落的多样性、均匀度、优势度、生物量、重要值、种间相遇机率、食性等群落特征。研究结果表明 ,上海郊区冬季鸟类种类、密度、多样性和生物量都明显高于夏季 ,而优势度则夏季高于冬季。不同生境中 ,湿地鸟类多样性和均匀度均最高 ,优势度农田居民区最高。密度冬季湿地最大 ,夏季农田居民区最大。改善环境的自然性、增加空间异质性、扩大保护区面积和减少人为干扰等可使鸟类群落的多样性和密度增加。

During the winter of 2000 and the summer of 2001,we studied three typical avian communities the subtropical cultivated land, wetland and forestland communities within suburban area of Shanghai. A total of 96 species belonging to 14 orders and 29 families were recorded in the three habitats. Based on the principles of community ecology,we evaluate and discuss structural characteristics, such as the Shannon-wiener index (H′), species evenness (J), superiority (C), biomass (E B), important index (IV), and diet, in summer and winter bird community. The results show that the species, density, diversity and biomass of the winter avian community are obviously higher than in the summer community. In winter, the avian density in wetland was larger than that of the other two habitats, but in summer cultivated land had the highest density. Diversity and density will be enhanced by improving habitat quality, increasing spatial heterogeneity, enlarging the area of conservation and reducing the disturbance of human beings.