长PCR技术及其在动物学研究中的应用

Long PCR Technique and its Applications in Zoological Study

长PCR(longPCR)技术自 1 994年发明以来 ,在生命科学发展中发挥了巨大的作用。长PCR技术与常规PCR有较大的区别。本文从长PCR技术的由来、长PCR技术对模板、引物和聚合酶的特殊要求及长PCR技术反应条件等方面进行了较全面的介绍。最后介绍了近期发展的LR IPCR(longrange inversePCR ,长反向PCR)、内切酶介导性长PCR (endonuclease mediatedlongPCR)、longRT PCR以及LDD PCR。目前此技术在动物学研究中的应用主要在基因组测序和线粒体基因组研究、病理诊断、基因差异表达、病原微生物的研究、遗传多态性分析等领域。

The advent of long PCR has proven to be a major advance in PCR technology. This article reviews the origins, special requirements with respect to templates, primers, DNA polymerases, and reaction conditions, of long PCR. Recent developments in long PCR, including long range-inverse PCR (LR-IPCR), endonuclease-mediated long PCR, long RT-PCR and LDD-PCR, are introduced. Finally, applications of long PCR in zoological study are summarized with respect to genome sequencing and mitochondrial genome research, pathogenetic diagnosis, differential gene expression, pathogenetic virus research and analysis of genetic polymorphism.