有机粘土复合体在石油生成中的意义

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ORGANIC CLAY POLYMER ON OIL AND GAS GENERATION

有机粘土复合体是土壤和沉积物中有机质存在的一种重要形式。蒙脱石粘土具有最大的呼附有机质能力。蒙脱石有机粘土复合体是最好的生油母质，生油岩生烃潜力的大小与沉积时蒙脱石丰度有密切关系。在成岩过程中，粘土矿物发生变化，有机粘土复合体也随之变化。在粘土矿物催化作用下，有机质向石油转化，两者在空间和时间上往往有着密切的关系。从有机粘土化学的观点研究粘土矿物和有机质在沉积、埋藏和生烃过程中的相互作用和变化，将对现代生油理论的研究带来新的启示。

Organic clay polymer is a main form of organic existence in all soil and sediments. Especially smectite clay has the supreme capacity of adsorping the organic matter. Therefore the smectite polymer is the most favourite source material. The hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks is closely related with smectite abundance in the duration of its deposition. During the diagenesis, when clay minerals had conversion, the polymer decomposed immediately, then the organic matter transformed into petroleum catalyzed by clay minerals. So that the clay mineral conversion and petroleum generation offen have very identical temperature or depth limits. It is considered that it' s very necessary to take the view of organic clay chemistry to work on the process of oil and gas generation and the effects between clay minerals and organic matter in the processes of the deposition, burial and hydrocarbon generation.