一种生态建筑技术——自然通风

A kind of sustained technology in building - natural ventilation

本文阐述了生态建筑中自然通风技术的原理与应用。风压与热压是形成自然通风的两种动力方式:风压是空气流受到阻挡时产生的静压,其作用效果与建筑物的形状等有关,在建筑物中产生伯努力效应和文丘里效应;热压是气温不同产生的压力差,它会使室内热空气升起逸散到室外而引起自然通风过程的烟囱效应;建筑物的通风效果往往是这两种方式综合作用的结果。文中引用了典型范例说明自然通风在生态建筑中应用情况,并在最后提出运用自然通风技术中要注意的问题。

The theory and the application of natural ventilation were reviewed. Wind-induced pressure and thermal pressure, are two basic factors contributing to pressure-driving mechanism of wind flow. Wind-induced pressure, which is resulted from the difference of air pressure when wind flow is blocked, is significantly influenced by the shape of building, and it may cause Bernoulli effect and the ventruri effect. Thermal pressure depends on the temperature difference between incoming and exhaust air. Because of thermal pressure, stack effect comes into being when air in the building warms, becomes more buoyant than outside air and rises to escape out of openings. Commonly, the natural ventilation we often refer to is the combined effect of wind-induced pressure and thermal pressure. Several typical cases of the application of natural ventilation are introduced in the paper and some possible problems about natural ventilation are described.