彩色豆马勃与松树形成内外生菌根的研究

Study on Ecto-endomycorrohizae Associated by Pisolithus tinctorius with Pine

采用组培菌根合成技术、纸 三明治菌根快速合成技术和圃地截根菌根化育苗技术使彩色豆马勃RG310和RG49菌株在马尾松、火炬松、湿地松上形成内外生菌根,不同菌根化技术形成菌根的过程和类型有差异。在组培菌根合成的条件下,菌与根接触后的第3～4d首先开始形成菌丝套,第8d开始形成哈蒂氏网,第18d菌丝进入皮层细胞内,哈蒂氏网由单列变为多列菌丝细胞组成;采用纸 三明治菌根快速合成技术进行截根菌根化,促进了菌根真菌的定殖,以截面伤口侵入为主要的侵入方式,扩大了根内外菌根侵染区(MIZ),定殖、侵染同时发生,菌丝套、哈蒂氏网和胞内菌丝结构几乎同时形成,仅在2 5h内就开始形成,菌根真菌的菌丝进入了内外皮层和髓部;采用圃地截根菌根化育苗技术,仍然形成内外生菌根,但菌丝不侵入内皮层以内的根组织。根据研究提出"菌根类型"假说,即树木形成的菌根类型不但随菌根真菌和树木种类而异,而且随菌根化方法、生态条件等其它因子而异。

Tissue culture technique, papersandwich mycorrhization technique and roottruncating cultivation with mycorrhiza in nursery were used to make Pisolithus tinctorius RG310 and RG49 to form endoectotrophic mycrrhiza on Pinus massoniana,P.taeda and P.elliottii.There are differences in the process and type of mycorrhiza formation among different mycorrhization techniques above mentioned. By using the tissue culture mycorrhization technique, the mantle formed in the third or fourth day after the fungi got in touch with the roots, and began to form Hartig net on the eighth day,the hyphae entered the cortical cells on the 18th day, the inoculation intensity increased with the time extension, the Hartig net formed from the single line hyphae to multilines hyphae. The papersandwich myorrhization technique was used to promote the colonization of mycorrhizal fungi,shorten the inoculation process and accelerate the mycorrhiza formation. Cutting the surface wound is taken as the main way, which enlarged the MIZ insideoutside the root and transformed the inoculation procedure.The colonization and inoculation occurred at the same time, the mantle, Hartig net and hyphae inside cells formed nearly at the same time. A new mycorrhiza type-ectoendomycorrhizae formed only within 25 hours and the hyphae entered not only the cortical cells but also the pith. THe roottruncating cultivation with mycorrhiza in nursery could also form entoendomycorrhiza, but the hyphae could not enter the root tissue inside enodermis. Based on reasearch, the hypothesis 'mycorrhiza type' is put forward, i.e. the mycorrhiza type formed by trees varies not only with the species of fungi and tree,but also with the mycorrhization techniques, ecological conditions etc.