从维度与阶度探讨中医证候的特征及标准化方法

Discussion on the Characteristics of TCM Syndromes from the Concepts of Dimensions and Ranks: Approachs to the Standardization of TCM Syndromes

目的 探讨中医证候的特征及标准化方法。方法 从维度与阶度探讨中医证候的特征 ,认为证候是由不同的要素 (维 ) ,通过不同的关联 (阶 ) ,达到的不同状态。证候因素具有高维性 ,证候的阶度则反映了各因素之间相互关系的复杂程度 ,证候阶度的处理主要取决于对应的干预状态。结果 “降维升阶”、“降维降阶”的有机结合 ,以及“证候诊断决策树”的构建 ,是证候标准化的一个重要途径。即一方面对主要证候因素进行降维处理 ,对相应的表征信息进行规范 ,并提取多层次有效信息组合 ;另一方面通过升阶或降阶 ,达到对证候因素的选择决策 ,以适应不同疾病、不同个体的灵活辨证与干预。从而执简驭繁 ,既把握群体的共性证候特征 ,又体现辨证论治的个体化诊疗特点。结论 辨析证候的维度与阶度 ,有助于引入数理、信息多学科方法 。

Objective To discuss the characteristics of TCM syndromes and the approaches to the standardization of TCM syndromes. Method The author discusses the characteristics of TCM syndromes on the concepts of dimensions and ranks, and holds that TCM syndromes are the onditions of different factors (dimensions) in different correlations (ranks). The factors of TCM syndromes are multidimensional, and the ranks of TCM syndromes reflect the complicacy of the interrelationship between the factors. The management of the ranks of TCM syndromes mainly depends on the kinds of corresponding intervention. Results One of the important approaches to TCM syndrome standardization is the organic integration of 'reducing dimensions and increasing ranks' and 'reducing both dimensions and ranks' as well as the the construction of the 'decision-making tree of TCM syndrome diagnostics;' that means, on the one hand, to reduce the dimensions of the main factors of TCM syndromes, in order to standardize their corresponding characteristic messages and extract their multilevel combinations of effective messages; on the other hand, to work out the strategies for selecting the factors of TCM syndromes by increasing or reducing their ranks in order to fit for the flexible TCM syndrome differentiation and the intervention of different diseases and different human subjects. The results of doing so are grasping the generality of TCM syndromes, and representing the individuality of TCM syndrome differentiation as well. Conclusion: Differentiating and analyzing the dimensions and ranks of TCM syndromes is helpful to introducing multidisciplinary methods including mathematics, physics and informatics to develop new approaches to the standardization of TCM syndromes.