中国大陆梅花鹿mtDNA控制区序列变异及种群遗传结构分析

Sequence variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region and population genetic structure of sika deers (Cervus nippon) in China*

测定了 37只中国大陆梅花鹿 (Cervusnippon)不同种群mtDNA控制区 5′端 35 1bp的序列 ,共发现 2 3个变异位点 ,定义了 5种单元型。分子变异分析表明 ,中国大陆梅花鹿出现了显著的种群分化 (Φst=0 45 ,Fst=0 6 0 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,支持把分布于东北、华南和四川的梅花鹿种群归入各自独立的管理单元。中国大陆、日本南部和日本北部之间无共享单元型 ,且有 2 5个鉴别位点。最小跨度网络图 (Minimumspanningnetwork ,MSN)和基于最大似然法和邻接法的系统发生分析均把单元型聚类为对应于中国大陆、日本南部和日本北部的三个单系 ,其中中国大陆和日本南部梅花鹿有相对较近的亲缘关系 ,支持日本梅花鹿的祖先通过至少两个大陆桥从亚洲迁移到日本的观点 [动物学报 49(1) :5 3～ 6 0 ,2 0 0 3]。

Three hundred and fifty one base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial control region from 37 sika deer (Cervus nippon) collected from Jilin (Northeast China population), Sichuan (Sichuan population), Anhui and Jiangxi (South China population) Provinces were sequenced. Twenty three variable sites were determined and five haplotypes were identified. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a significant population subdivision for sika deers in China's Mainland, supporting the treatment of these populations as different management units. The sequences obtained in this study were combined with those previously published for sika deer in Japan, and this combination revealed 189 variable sites and a total of 25 haplotypes. No shared haplotype was found among the China's Mainland, Northern Japan, and Southern Japan populations, and 25 fixed diagnostic site differences separate the three populations. Phylogenetic relationships among these haplotypes were inferred from a minimum spanning network, which was constructed using the MINISPNET software package, and two phylogenetic reconstructions were determined using the maximum likelihood algorithm incorporated in the Phylogenetic Inference Package (PHYLIP) version 3.5c and neighbor joining algorithm incorporated in the Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) version 2.0 software package. All these methods exclusively divided the haplotypes into three monophyletic clades corresponding to the China's Mainland, Northern Japan, and Southern Japan populations respectively. Among these populations, the China's Mainland and Southern Japan population are more closely related. This indirectly supports the hypothesis that the ancestral sika deer migrated to the islands of Japan across at least two land bridges. However, whether the level of divergence among the three populations has reached the species level still needs to be investigated [Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(1):53-60, 2003].