贡嘎山垂直带林分凋落物及其理化特征

Characteristic of Forests Litterfall Along Vertical Spectrum on the Gongga Mountain

本文研究了贡嘎山东坡垂直带森林凋落物量、凋落物特征及其N、P、K、有机碳的归还量,并探讨了它们随海拔高度变化的规律。结果表明,分布于海拔2200m常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、海拔3050m峨眉冷杉和林线峨眉冷杉的凋落物量依次为:3811.017、2809.925、2908.501 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);N、P、K的归还量依次为:66.577、34.850、40.758 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)。贡嘎山东坡海拔2200m至3580m天然林乔木层的年凋落物量随水热条件的变化有明显减少的趋势,乔木层的年凋落物中阔叶成分逐步消失,针叶成分从无到有,地衣、苔藓所占比例逐渐减小,碎屑所占比例也趋于减小。

This paper explored the quantity, characteristic and nutrient elements returned to soil of forests litter-fall along vertical spectrum on the Gongga Mountain. The results showed that the annual average litterfall of the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest, the Abies fabri forest at 3050 ma. s. 1. and the A. fabri forest at 3580m a. s. 1. averaged 3811.017,2809.925 and 2908.501 kg. hm-2 .a-1, respectively; nutrient elements returned to soil of N,P,K averaged 66.577,34.850 and 40.758 kg. hm-2 .a-1, respectively. Annual litterfall of arboreal layer in nature forests declined obviously with the temperature and precipitation variation alone the ascending of altitude form 2200m to 3580m at the east slope of Gongga Mountain. In the litterfall in arboreal layer, the component of broadleaves died out gradually, the component of needle appears, the component of lichen & moss, Miscellaneous occupied a smaller and smaller proportion.