颅脑创伤患者医院感染分析

Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Cerebral Trauma

目的 了解我院颅脑创伤患者医院感染情况及危险因素。方法 对 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我院收治的 75 7例颅脑创伤患者的医院感染进行前瞻性及回顾性调查。结果 医院感染率为 18.2 3% ;医院感染部位分布以泌尿道最多见 ,占 4 6 .2 3% ,其次为下呼吸道占 33.6 7% ;下呼吸道感染病原菌中G-杆菌占 4 2 .11% ,泌尿道感染病原菌中真菌为主 ,占 4 0 .4 3% ;医院感染组死亡率显著高于非感染组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 颅脑创伤患者医院感染与年龄、性别、手术无关 ,留置导尿、气管切开、气管插管、抗生素使用是医院感染的危险因素。

OBJECTIVE To study the nosocomial infection in the patients with craniocerebral trauma and the risk factors. METHODS Prospective and retrospective surveys of nosocomial infection in 757 cases with craniocerebral trauma were carried out in our hospital between 1999 and 2000. RESULTS Incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with craniocerebral trauma was 18.23%. Among them, nosocomial urinary tract infection was the highest (46.23%), the second one was the lower respiratory tract (33.67%). Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 42 11% among the pathogens from lower respiratory tract infection. The main pathogens were fungi (40.43%) in urinary tract infection. The death rate of infected patients is significantly higher than non-infected ones ( P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection in patients with craniocerebral trauma is not related to age, sex and surgery. The risk factors are chronic indwelling urethral catheterization, tracheotomy, intratracheal indwelling cannulation and use of antibiotics.