厨余垃圾堆肥蓬松剂技术研究

AN IMPROVEMENT TO DOMESTIC WASTE COMPOSTING BY ADDING DIFFERENT BULKING AGENTS

为解决厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程中含水率高、有机物含量大等问题 ,分别添加锯末、树叶、秸杆和干马粪为蓬松剂进行厨余堆肥技术研究。采用翻转式堆肥设备 ,利用出口气体检测仪、温度计及扫描电镜 ,研究添加蓬松剂堆肥过程中耗氧速率 ,温度 ,出口 CO2 、H2 S、O2浓度 ,堆料结构及微生物群落变化。试验结果表明 ,添加蓬松剂堆肥 ,堆料所能达到的高温及其停留时间、好氧速率、产 CO2 气体能力均明显优于对照组 ,并能很好地控制出口 H2 S气体浓度。特别是以干马粪和锯末作为蓬松剂 ,可明显改善堆料孔隙率 ,吸收多余水分 ,加速氧和有机物的传输速率 ,改善好氧堆肥微环境。因此 ,厨余垃圾堆肥过程中加入干马粪、锯末等蓬松剂是保证堆肥顺利进行。

This paper aims to introduce the author's research on an improved technology of domestic waste composting with four different bulking agents: sawdust, straw, leaves, and dry ordure of horse. As is known, it is a big problem to solve is to overcome the over moisture content in domestic waste in the composting process. Based on the composting experiment with a cycling reactor, the author has done a series of tests and experiments with the effect of adding bulking agents by means of general processing parameters, such as temperature, oxygen consumption rate, outlet gas (CO 2, H 2S, O 2) and photo electric microorganisms in it. The experimental results gained by the author have shown that the maximum oxygen uptake rate and the degradation rate of the substrates in Run A, B, C, D, E are 0.09 mol/h·kg and 0.006 2 kg/h·kg, 0.16 mol/h·kg and 0.012 1 kg/h·kg, 0.14 mol/h·kg and 0.011 kg/h·kg, 0.13 mol/h·kg and 0.009 4 kg/h·kg, 0.12 mol/h·kg and 0.008 8 kg/h·kg, respectively. The total quantity of degradating substrates and the optimal temperature are 35.2 kg and 58 ℃, 54.1 kg and 68 ℃, 50.1 kg and 63 ℃, 47.0 kg and 60 ℃, 45.8 kg and 61 ℃ for Run A, B, C, D and E. In addition, the composting cycles of Run A, B, C, D and E are 360 h, 160 h, 185 h, 200 h and 210 h correspondingly. The above experimental facts can prove that the method of adding bulking agents to domestic wastes the author initiated is both practicable and beneficial to enhance the composting temperature, oxygen consumption rate and H 2S gas control. It is particularly valuable and effective to add dry ordure of horse and sawdust in hoping to improve the structure and enhance the moisture holding capacity and aeration. It is also useful to increase the rate of organic degradation to improve the composting conditions. Thus, the author suggests that the method of adding bulking agents to the domestic waste composting should be developed and publicized in MSW composting process.