婴儿ABO血型的鉴定及应用于临床输血

ABO Blood Group Typing for Infants and Its Application for Clinical Transfusion

为了研究 6个月内婴儿ABO血型正确定型方法及影响因素 ,采用常规血清学法、凝胶柱法及PCR SSP 3种方法对 6个月以内的婴儿进行血型鉴定。结果表明 :在使用不同方法检测婴儿ABO血型结果不符的 33例中 ,常规血清学方法 32例红细胞定型与血清定型不符 ,1例是由细菌感染产生类B抗原所致的假相合。凝胶柱法可正确定型 2 7例 ,正确率 84 .4 %。PCR SSP法可对所有标本做出正确定型。凝胶柱法与PCR SSP法有显著性差异。结论 :对 6个月以内的婴儿进行ABO血型鉴定 ,推荐采用凝胶柱技术。凝胶柱法红细胞定型与血清定型相符的婴儿输血采用同型输注 ,但若婴儿患有感染性疾病时 ,应考虑到类B抗原引起的假相合。凝胶柱法红细胞定型与血清定型不符的婴儿输血时使用O型洗涤红细胞等成分血 ,待PCR SSP法分型结果做出后 。

To study the correct method for determining ABO blood types in infants and its influencing factors, blood types of 33 infants under 6 months old were determined by routine serological method, micro column gel typing system and PCR SSP genotyping method. Of the 33 cases with discrepant results of ABO blood type by different methods, the blood types of 32 cases were discrepant between red cell and serological typings in the routine serological method, and a false coincidence in 1 case was caused by bacterial infection resulting in B like antgen. Correct blood typing was obtained in 27 cases with a correct rate of 84.4%(27/32) by using micro column gel typing system. PCR SSP method gave correct results in all of 33 cases. There was a significant difference between the results of micro column gel typing system and PCR SSP. It is concluded that to determine ABO blood type for infants <6 months old, it is recommemded to adopt micro column gel typing system method, and what must be taken into account is the possible false coincidence caused by bacterical infection resulting in B like antigen. In micro column gel typing system, if the results of red cell and serological typing are identical, the principle is that blood transfusion must be performed with same ABO blood type between recipient and donor. If not, washed O red blood cells should be used for infants, and then change to tranfusion with identical blood group according to PCR SSP typing results.