东北平原引草入田、粮草轮作的初步研究

A preliminary report on the cereal-forage rotation system in the plain of Northeast China

在吉林省长岭县和农安县通过田间试验研究了东北平原区主要粮食、牧草及经济作物轮作对土壤养分状况、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物组成和数量以及主要粮食、牧草及经济作物生物产量的影响。结果表明,豆科牧草对提高土壤有效养分水平有显著作用。大豆对土壤有效氮的影响较大,但对有效磷、有效钾的影响不如玉米,而马铃薯、烟草和向日葵等经济作物则对土壤养分的消耗较多,容易造成土壤养分单项缺失,不宜连作。此外,豆科牧草茬口的酶活性指标及其生物产量均优于其他供试作物。粮食-牧草-经济作物三元轮作体系是提高东北平原区土壤肥力,获得良好的生态效益和经济效益的有效途径。

The effects of the crop rotation among the main grain crops, forage and economic crops on the characteristics of soil nutrition, the activities of enzymes in soils, the component and amount for soil microorganism and the biomass of these crops were studied at Changling county and Nongan county in Jilin province. The result showed that : After cropping of legume forages , the supply of plant nutrition and the activities of enzymes in soils increased ; the biomass of legume forage crops was the excellent . The cereallegumeeconomic crops rotation system may become an effective way to improve the fertility of soils and to increase the economic and ecological profits in the plain of Northeast China .