一种小说观及小说史观的形成与影响——20世纪“以西例律我国小说”现象分析

The Formation and Influence of a Fictional Notion and the Historical Outlook over the Fiction: An Analysis of the Phenomena of "Judging the Chinese Fiction with the Western Examples" in the Twentieth Century

“以西例律我国小说”即用西方小说标准衡量中国小说的批评观念与方法在 2 0世纪十分流行 ,本文首先梳理了这一现象的背景与流变 ,指出持此种批评观念的早期学者在中西小说及小说理论方面存在着知识结构上的双重欠缺 ,由此导致的角度偏差直接影响了小说观的科学性与小说史观的准确性 ,进而分析了它所造成的文体偏见与正面效应 ,强调建立符合中国小说实际、又具有现代思维特点的小说观及小说史观是一个紧迫的学术课题。

The critical conceptions and methods of 'judging the Chinese fiction with the Western examples', i.e. with the Western criteria, were prevailing in the twentieth century. The text first makes clear the background of these phenomena and points out their transformations and duplicated fallacy and loss in the former critics' intelligence structure, which exerted a direct influence upon their fictional notion and the accuracy of historical outlook over the fiction. Moreover, the text analyzes the stylistic bias and the positive effect of these spiritual and critical phenomena in order to set up a kind of modem fictional notion and suitable historical outlook over the Chinese fiction.