焉耆盆地景观遥感制图及其格局变化研究

Study on the Remote Sensing Mapping of the Landscapes and Their Spatial Distribution Pattern and Change in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang

以焉耆盆地荒漠绿洲为研究对象 ,绘制了 2 0世纪 6 0年代、90年代和 2 0 0 0年三期景观图 ,并分析焉耆盆地景观及其景观斑块类型的基本特点 ;利用这三期景观图、相关统计资料及文字资料 ,探讨了焉耆盆地景观空间格局分布及其变化的原因和影响因素 ,指出水资源的分布和人类干扰是影响和控制焉耆盆地荒漠绿洲景观格局分布和导致其景观格局动态变化的主要驱动力。

Located in the region between the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Turpan-Hami Basin, Yanqi Basin is a Mesozoic fault basin in Xinjiang. Bosten Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is located in the Yanqi Basin, and it acts as the very importance to supply water to the oilfields in the Tarim Basin and to convey water for the ecology in the lower reaches of Tarim River. However, the water table of Bosten Lake is decreased, its water quality is deteriorated, and the ecology in the riparian regions is degenerated due to the enlargement of farmlands, increase of the volume of irrigation water, serious soil salinization or alkalization, excessive grazing, severe deforestation and reclamation, etc. In this paper, the maps of the landscapes in the 1960's, 1990's and 2000 in the Yanqi basin are charted by taking the desert oases in the basin as the research objects, and the characteristics of the landscapes and their spots in the basin are analyzed. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of the landscapes and the factors resulting in the change of the landscapes are researched by using the charted maps and the related statistical data and references. It is considered that the distribution of water resources and the human disturbance are the main factors influencing and controlling the spatial distribution pattern and the dynamic change of the landscapes in the desert oases in the Yanqi Basin.