塔里木河下游沙漠化对绿洲农业生产的影响

Impacts of the Desertification on the Agricultural Production in the Oases at the Lower Reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang

荒漠化是全世界所面临的重大的环境灾害之一。塔里木河下游的沙漠化已经对该区域的绿洲农业生产产生了巨大的危害。本文通过对塔里木河下游沙漠化状况和典型生产团场农业生产状况的调查研究发现 ,沙漠化对塔里木河下游农业生产的影响 ,主要表现为下游来水量逐年减少 ,弃耕地面积增加 ;沼泽土面积减少 ,肥沃土壤面积增加 ;风灾、旱灾面积增加 ,盐碱灾害面积相对减少。减轻沙漠化对绿洲农业危害的措施 ,包括加强管理 ,增加塔里木河的来水量 ;发展节水灌溉技术 ,减少水资源浪费 ;调整作物结构 ,提高水资源利用率 ;保护荒漠植被 ,维护生态 ,完善防护林体系。

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental disasters in the world. The desertification in the lower reaches of Tarim River has seriously impacted the agricultural production in the oases. In this paper, the desertification status and its impacts on the agricultural production in the typical farms in the lower reaches of Tarim River are investigated and researched. The results show that the main impacts of the desertification on the agricultural production in the lower reaches of Tarim River include the increasingly reduction of the stream flow to the lower reaches of Tarim River, enlargement of the area of both discarded farmlands and fertile soils, reduction of the area of swamplands, enlargement of the area suffering from wind disasters and drought, and relative reduction of the area of saline or alkaline land. Some measures are suggested for alleviating the harmfulness of desertification on the oasis agriculture in the lower reaches of Tarim River, they are to strengthen the management, increase the stream flow to the lower reaches of Tarim River, develop the watereconomizing irrigation techniques, reduce the waste of water resources, regulate-the structure of crops, increase the utilization ratio of water resources, protect the desert vegetation, maintain the ecology, and complete the shelter-forest systems.