美国腐败:一个犯罪学分析视角

American Anti-corruption——From the Perspective of Criminology Analysis

政治腐败和警察腐败是观察美国社会腐败生成机理及防治策略的重要视角。政治腐败的本质在于攫取权力和资源,其根植于个体与社会结构之间的相互作用之中,也反映了人性的弱点。美国警察腐败行为的形态包括权力寻租、收受回扣、索贿(勒索)、摆平案件、乘机偷盗和保护非法活动等形式,从社会结构和制度环境视角看,结构性契机、'沉默蓝墙'的存在以及警察组织管控不足是警察腐败的重要原因。虽然美中两国在经济发展、政治结构和法律体系方面明显不同,但也有共同的腐败形成因素(影响因素)。降低社会对腐败的容忍程度(底线)、改变长期流传的关于腐败的叙述(话语)体系、开展积极主动的反腐执法活动和建立健全合规体系等,对于更加有效地预防和遏制腐败,都具有积极意义。

Political corruption and police corruption are important perspectives to observe the mechanism of social corruption in US.The essence of political corruption lies in grabbing power and resources.It is rooted in the interaction between the individual and the social structure,and also reflects the weakness of human nature.U.S.police corruption forms including power rent-seeking,accepting kickbacks,bribes,(blackmail),handle cases,opportunistic theft and protect illegal activities,etc.From the perspective of social structure and institutional environment,structural opportunity, 'silent blue wall' of the police organization and lack of control are the important causes of police corruption.While the United States and China are markedly different in terms of economic development,political structure and legal systems,there are also common corruption factors.Reduce social tolerance of corruption(bottom line),change the long-term circulating about corruption narrative(words)system,active anti-corruption law enforcement activities and establish a sound compliance systems have positive significance to more effectively prevent and curb corruption.