我国可罚预备行为的立法规定方式检讨——可罚预备行为正犯化之提倡

Legislative Regulation Review of Culpable Preliminary Conduct:Advocating in the Culpable Preliminary Conduct as Principal Offending

《刑法》第22条在本质上是可罚预备行为的立法规定。但是,学者们多将该条规定误认为是对预备行为的处罚规定,并以此为立论前提展开对该条立法规定的批判,以至于忽视了该条规定存在的关键问题:可罚预备行为界定不明。可罚预备行为界定不明的技术成因有二:一是在总则中规定可罚预备行为的概括成立条件,会导致预备行为可罚与否的判断随分则各罪立法规定而摇摆不定;二是预备行为可罚与否会因犯罪'定量'因素的模糊性而含混不清。当代中国刑法的首要任务是引导国民守法,以减少侵害法益行为的发生,而其要求之一就是规范表达具有明确性。因此,有必要采用以法律拟制为法理基础的可罚预备行为正犯化立法技术,来实现可罚预备行为立法规定的明确性。

Essentially,the 22th term of Chinese Criminal Law is the legislative regulation of culpable preliminary conduct which was always considered as a penal regulation in preliminary conduct.Then under such incorrect prerequisite,those scholars criticised the legislative regulation alongside ignorance of the crucial issue:what is culpable preliminary conduct is still ambiguous.Such ambiguity technically contributed to two reasons:first is the overall regulation in General which has made the conviction being vacillated as different regulations in specific provisions;second is the vagueness of quantitative elements.Definite expression of norms is a requisite for the initial assignment of contemporary criminal law-guide people to conform to laws to reduce crimes.Therefore,on the technology of legislation,legal fiction should be adopted as the rationale of culpable preliminary conduct to realize the accuracy of legislative regulations.