刑法立法向法益保护原则的体系性回归

Criminal Legislation should adhere to the Principles of Protection of Legal Interests

无论是中国、德国抑或是日本都进入到刑事立法的活跃期。在风险社会的刺激下,三国的刑事立法都出现了脱离法益保护原则的迹象。这些迹象总体来说,表现为积极的一般预防化、法益保护的早期化(法益的抽象化)和刑事立法象征化倾向。这些倾向显然为进一步扩张刑法势力添加了注脚,亦埋下了伏笔。防止刑法过度扩张侵蚀公民的基本自由,必须要让刑事立法回归法益保护原则。而由于法益概念的可塑造性、范围的模糊性和宪法关联的孱弱性,致使法益保护原则的确立需要体系性扶持。这需要在学理上将法益概念唯人格属性化,法益保护原则反向类型化,框定法益保护的基本范围。在规范上,寻找法益保护原则的宪法关联,保障法益保护的基本能力。进而通过比例原则的适用审查刑法立法的正当性。

The criminal legislation has begun to be active in China,Japan and Germany.In the background of risk society,the criminal legislation does not obey the principles of protection of legal interests strictly in these countries.This is mainly shown in three aspects:active general prevention,early protection of legal interests and symbolic legislation.The aggressive criminal law may limit the freedom.The appropriate criminal legislation should adhere to the principles of protection of legal interests sternly.Therefore,we should delimit the scope of legal interests clearly,find the constitution connection for the principles of protection of legal interests,and utilize the proportionality in the process of criminal legislation exactly.