论国家的国际刑事责任

On the International Criminal Responsibility of the State

国际社会在国家的国际刑事责任问题上尚未达成共识,然而,国家的国际刑事责任却以各种形式在两次世界大战后和现代国际社会中得到了具体落实。豁免权和国家主权不应成为国家的国际刑事责任的障碍,抽象实体和犯罪意图也不是影响国家的国际刑事责任能力的因素,中立、权威的执行机构有助于国家的国际刑事责任的实现。国际法委员会在几部法典草案制定过程中对国家的国际刑事责任问题的赞成、放弃和回避,集中体现了其纠结的态度。刑罚的本质是惩罚和痛苦,刑罚的目的在于报应和预防,在这个意义上,限制主权、武力制裁、国际制裁、赔偿、宣告性判决和满足都是国家的国际刑事责任的实现方式。

International community has not reached a consensus on the issue of international criminal responsibility of the state,however,the international criminal responsibility of the state has been concretely implemented in various forms after World War Ⅰ, Ⅱ and in modern international community.Immunity and Sovereignty should not be an obstacle to the international criminal responsibility of the state.Neither Abstract Entity nor Criminal Intention is a factor influencing the state’s capability of international criminal responsibility.Neutral and authoritative implementing agencies contribute to the realization of the international criminal responsibility of the state.The International Law Commission conveyed its approval,abandonment and avoidance on the issue of the international criminal responsibility of the State in the process of drafting several code drafts and embodied its tangled attitude.The essence of penalty is punishment and pain,the purpose of the penalty is retribution and prevention.In this sense,the limitation of sovereignty,sanctions of force, international sanctions, compensation,declaratory judgement and satisfaction are ways in which the State’s international criminal responsibility is realized.