防控跨国恐怖主义犯罪的困境及应对

The Dilemma and Solution in Controlling International Terrorism Crime

近年来,恐怖主义犯罪呈现出跨国性的新特点。在世界各国普遍将恐怖主义犯罪列为重点打击对象的背景下,跨国实施恐怖活动犯罪成为恐怖分子逃避国内法打击的主要方式,同时,便捷的现代化交通通信方式使恐怖主义信息的跨国交流、恐怖分子的跨国流动成为可能。在惩治跨国恐怖主义犯罪时,国家主权成为主要的法律障碍,并且在短期内得不到有效解决。跨国性恐怖活动具有一定的组织性,以大量的活动资金、活动经费作为运行的基础。因此,没收涉恐资金是防控跨国恐怖主义犯罪的有效途径。《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》规定了对涉恐资金的'没收制度',同时,我国也将该制度规定在新《刑事诉讼法》之中。但是,我国的没收制度在法理上遇到了诸多挑战。为了解决实践中的问题,实现理论的自洽性,应该在我国刑事诉讼中引入缺席判决制度。刑事缺席判决可以在发挥没收制度功能的同时,避免没收制度存在的问题;缺席判决可以更好地打击恐怖主义犯罪;在目前的社会条件下,在《刑事诉讼法》中建立缺席判决制度具有现实可行性和理论合理性。

In recent years,the terrorism crime presents the international characteristic.Under the background that countries around the world generally regard terrorism crime as a key target,to execute a international terrorism crime is the main way to evade the domestic law.At the same time,convenient and modern modes of transportation and communication enable the cross-border exchange of information about terrorism and the cross-border movement of terrorists.When the government punishes the international terrorism crime,national sovereignty becomes a mainly legal obstacles,and it cannot get effective solution in the short term.International terrorism crime is well organized,based on a lot of funding for activities.Therefore,confiscation is an effective way to control international terrorism crime.The International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism specifies the expropriation system,and the system rules in the new criminal procedure law of our country.However,confiscation system in our country meets many challenges.In order to respond to these questions and achieve the consistency of the theory,our legislation should introduce absence judgment in criminal procedure.The absence judgment can avoid the problems of the confiscation system while playing the functions of confiscation system,absence judgment can better combat terrorist crimes,and absence judgment has practical and theoretical rationality.